A prisão e depois. Violência, reentrada e situação nas ruas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26489/rvs.v32i45.1Palavras-chave:
violência, prisão, reentrada na comunidade, situação de ruaResumo
Incidentes de violência nas prisões têm consequências negativas no bem-estar físico, psicológico e social de infratores presos, agravando também os problemas associados à reinserção comunitária dos libertados. O artigo analisa as diferentes abordagens da violência na prisão e apresenta a literatura chave sobre os impactos da prisão na violência na reentrada na comunidade. O artigo reflete sobre as possíveis implicações da violência nas prisões em experiências subsequentes de desabrigados de rua no contexto local. O artigo procura contribuir para o desenho de intervenções sociais em infratores libertados que viviam sem-teto após experiências na prisão.
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Referências
Achenbach, T. M. y C. Edelbrock(1987). Manual for the Youth Self: Report and Profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
Adams, K. (1992). Adjusting to prison life. Crime and Justice, 16, pp. 275-359.
Allen, C. y D. Barkley (2002). Housing for Offenders: The Role of ‘Understanding Relationships’. Supporting People, 49(4), pp. 267-276.
Arditti, J. (2003). Locked doors and glass walls: Family visiting at a local jail. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 8(2), pp. 1-23.
Baldry, E. y P. Maplestone (2003). Prisoners post-release homelessness and lack of social integration. Current Issues in Criminology, 15(2), pp. 155-169.
Baldry, E.; D. McDonnell; P. Maplestone y M. Peeters (2006). Ex-Prisoners, Homelessness and the State in Australia. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 39(1), pp. 21-33.
Bierie, D. M. (2012). Is tougher better? The impact of physical prison conditions on inmate violence. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 56(3), pp. 338-355.
Blevins, K. R.; S. J. Listwan; F. T. Cullen; y C. L. Jonson (2010). A General Strain Theory of Prison Violence and Misconduct: An Integrated Model of Inmate Behavior. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 26(2), pp. 148-166.
Bramley, G; S. Fitzpatrick; J. Edwards; D. Ford; S. Johnsen; F. Sosenko y D. Watkins, D. (2015). Hard Edges: mapping severe and multiple disadvantage in England. London: Lankelly Chase Foundation.
Bottoms, A. (1999). Interpersonal Violence and Social Order in Prisons. Crime and Justice, 26, pp. 205-281.
Boxer, P.; K. Middlemass y T. Delorenzo (2009). Exposure to violent crime during incarceration: Effects on psychological adjustment following release. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(8), pp. 793-807.
Brown, K. (2006). Homelessness and prisoner re-entry. Nueva York: Council of State Governments.
Camaño, D. (2011). Aportes a la reforma del Código Penal y el Código Procesal Penal. Montevideo: PNUD-MI.
Cao, L.; J. Zhao y S. Van Dine (1997). Prison disciplinary tickets: A test of the deprivation and importation models. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25(2), pp. 103-113.
Camp, S. D.; G. G. Gaes; N. P. Langan y W. G. Saylor (2003). The influence of prisons on inmate misconduct: A multilevel investigation. Justice Quarterly, 20(3), pp. 501-533.
Carlen, P. (1996). Jigsaw: A political criminology of youth homelessness. Buckingham y Bristol, PA: Open University Press.
Cho, R. (2004). Putting the pieces back together: Overcoming fragmentation to prevent post-incarceration homelessness. Nueva York: Corporation for Supportive Housing.
Ciapessoni, F. y A. Vigna (2018). El rol de la vivienda en el proceso de desistimiento delictivo. El Uruguay desde la Sociología, XVI, pp. 259-278.
Ciapessoni, F. (2018, en prensa). Situación de calle en Montevideo: necesidades y desafíos. Montevideo: FCS-IM.
Colvin, M. (2000). Crime and coercion: An integrated theory of chronic criminality. Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan
Comisionado Parlamentario para el Sistema Penitenciario (2016). Informe anual 2016. Parlamento del Uruguay.
Comisionado Parlamentario para el Sistema Penitenciario (2017). Informe anual 2017. Parlamento del Uruguay.
Cullen, F. T. (1994). Social support as an organizing concept for criminology: Presidential address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. Justice Quarterly, 11(4), pp. 527-559.
Cullen, F. T.; E. Latessa; V. Burton y L. Lombardo (1993). The correctional orientation of prison wardens: Is the rehabilitative ideal supported? Criminology, 31(1), pp. 69-92.
DeLisi, M.; M. T. Berg y A. Hochstetler (2004). Gang members, career criminals and prison violence: Further specification of the importation model of inmate behavior. Criminal Justice Studies, 17(4), pp. 369-383.
Dore, E. (2015). Prison leavers and homelessness. Insight, 29, pp. 3-19.
Drago, F.; R. Galbiati y P. Vertova (2011). Prison conditions and recidivism. American Law and Economics Review, 13(1), pp. 103-130.
Drury, A. J. y M. DeLisi (2011). Gangkill: An exploratory empirical assessment of gang membership, homicide offending, and prison misconduct. Crime y Delinquency, 57(1), pp. 130-146.
Duncan M. y J. Corner (2012). Severe and Multiple Disadvantage-A review of keytexts. Londres: Lankelly Chase Foundation.
Dyb, E. (2009). Imprisonment: A Major Gateway to Homelessness. Housing Studies, 24(6), pp. 809-824.
Edgar, K.; I. O’Donnell; y C. Martin (2003). Prison violence: The dynamics of conflict, fearand power. Portland, OR: Willan Publishing.
Farrall, S. (2002): Rethinking what works with offenders on probation, social context and desistance from crime. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 16(1), pp. 119-121.
Listwan, S.; D. Hanley y M. Colvin (2012). The Prison Experience and Reentry: Examining the Impact of Victimization on Coming Home, Final Report. Ohio: National Institute of Justice.
Loucks, N. (2007). Housing Needs of Prisoners and Ex-Prisoners. Glasgow: The Robertson Trust.
Lutze, F. E; J. W. Rosky y Z. K. Hamilton (2014). Homelessness and Reentry. A Multisite Outcome Evaluation of Washington State’s Reentry Housing Program for High Risk Offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 41(4), pp. 471-491.
Maruna, S. (2001). Making good: How ex-convicts reform and rebuild their lives. Washington: American Psychological Association.
Mayock, P. y S. Sheridan (2013). At Home’ in Prison? Women and the Homelessness-Incarceration Nexus. Irish Probation Journal, 10, pp. 118-140.
McCorkle, R. C. (1993). Fear of victimization and symptoms of psychopathology among prison inmates. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 19(1-2), pp. 27-42.
McCorkle, R.; T. Miethe y K. Drass (1995). The roots of prison violence: a test of the deprivation, management, and “not-so-total” institution models. Crime y Delinquency, 41(3), pp. 317-331.
Meade, B. y B. Steiner (2013). The effects of exposure to violence on prisoner maladjustment. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 40(11), pp. 1228-1249.
Metraux, S. y D. P. Culhane (2002). Homeless Shelter Use and Re-incarceration Following Prison Release: Assessing the Risk. Filadelfia: University of Pennsylvania.
Metraux, S. y D. Culhane (2006). Recent incarceration history among a sheltered homeless population. Crime and Delinquency, 52(3), pp. 504-517.
Metraux, S.; C. Roman; y R. S. Cho (2007). Incarceration and Homelessness. En D. Dennis, G. Locke y J. Khadduri (eds.). Understanding Homelessness: The 2007 National Symposium on Homelessness Research. Washington: US Department of Housing & Urban Development.
Mides (2016a). Presentación de resultados del Censo de Población en Situación de Calle. Montevideo: Mides.
Mides (2016b). Llamado a organizaciones de la sociedad civil (OSC) y/o cooperativas de trabajo para presentar propuestas de trabajo para la gestión de centros de atención en la ciudad de Montevideo e interior en el marco del Programa Calle. Pliego de Bases y Condiciones particulares. Montevideo: Mides.
Naciones Unidas (2009). Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Manfred Nowak. A/HRC/10/44/Add.3, disponible en: <3, disponible en: https://www.refworld.org/docid/49a55fea2.html > (acceso 30/05/2019).
Paternain, R. y A. Rico (2012). Uruguay: Inseguridad, delito y Estado, Montevideo: CSIC-TRILCE.
Petersilia, J. (2001). Prisoner Reentry: Public Safety and Reintegration Challenges. The Prison Journal, 81(3), pp.360-375.
Petersilia, J. (2011). Reentry: Saving Offenders from a Life in Crime. En F. T. Cullen y C. L. Jonson, Correctional Theory: Context and consequences. Londres: Sage Publications. [
Pleace, N. (2016). Researching Homelessness in Europe: Theoretical Perspectives. European Journal of Homelessness, 10(3), pp. 19-44.
Randol, B. M. y C. M. Campbell (2017). Macro-Correlates of Inmate Violence: The Importance of Programming in Prison Order. The Prison Journal, 97(4), pp. 451-474.
Rocheleau, A. M. (2015). Ways of Coping and Involvement in Prison Violence. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(4), pp. 359-383.
Roman, C. y J. Travis (2004). Taking Stock: Housing, Homelessness and Prisoner Reentry. Final Report prepared for The Fannie Mae Foundation. Washington: Urban Institute Justice Policy Center.
Sapouna, M; C. Bisset; A. M. Conlong; y B. Matthews (2015). What Works to Reduce Reoffending: A Summary of the Evidence. Edimburgo: Scottish Government.
Sapouna, M; C. Bisset; y A. M. Conlong (2011). What Works to Reduce Reoffending: A Summary of the Evidence. Edimburgo: Justice Analytical Services Scottish Government.
Tartaro, C. y M. P. Levy (2007). Density, inmate assaults, and direct supervision jails. Criminal Justice, 18(4), pp. 395-417.
Toman, E.; J. Cochran y W. Bales (2015). The implications of sentence length for inmate adjustment to prison life. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(6), pp. 510-521.
Travis, J. (2005).But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry. Washington DC: The Urban Institute Press.
Travis, J.; A. Solomon; y M. Waul (2001). From Prison to Home: the Dimensions and Consequences of Prisoner Reentry. Washington: The Urban Institute.
Travis, J.; E. M. Chincotta; y A. L. Solomon (2003). Families left behind: the hidden cost of incarceration and Reentry. Washington: The Urban Institute .
Uggen, C.; J. Manza y M. Thompson (2006). Citizenship, Democracy and the Civic Reintegration of Criminal Offenders. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 605(1), pp. 281-310.
Vigna, A. (2011). Persistencia y abandono del mundo del delito: diferencias de género en los procesos de desistimiento. Tesis de Maestría en Sociología. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República, Montevideo.
Vigna, A. (2012). Análisis de datos del I Censo Nacional de Reclusos desde una perspectiva de género y derechos humanos. Informe final. Montevideo: MI-INR-ONU Mujeres.
Visher, C. A y J. Travis (2011). Life on the Outside: Returning Home after Incarceration. The Prison Journal, 91(3), pp. 102S-119S.
Walker, A; L. Hempel; N. Prabha Unnithan; y M. R. Pogrebin (2014). Parole Reentry and Social Capital: The Centrality of Homelessness. Journal of Poverty,18(3), pp. 315-334.
Williams, K.; J. Poyser; y K. Hopkins (2012). Accommodation, Homelessness and Reoffending of Prisoners: Results from the Surveying Prisoner Crime Reduction (SPCR) Survey. Londres: Ministry of Justice.
Wooldredge, J. (1999). Inmate experiences and psychological well-being. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 26(2), pp. 235-250.
Wortley, R. (2002). Situational Prison Control: Crime Prevention in Correctional Institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Adams, K. (1992). Adjusting to prison life. Crime and Justice, 16, pp. 275-359.
Allen, C. y D. Barkley (2002). Housing for Offenders: The Role of ‘Understanding Relationships’. Supporting People, 49(4), pp. 267-276.
Arditti, J. (2003). Locked doors and glass walls: Family visiting at a local jail. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 8(2), pp. 1-23.
Baldry, E. y P. Maplestone (2003). Prisoners post-release homelessness and lack of social integration. Current Issues in Criminology, 15(2), pp. 155-169.
Baldry, E.; D. McDonnell; P. Maplestone y M. Peeters (2006). Ex-Prisoners, Homelessness and the State in Australia. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 39(1), pp. 21-33.
Bierie, D. M. (2012). Is tougher better? The impact of physical prison conditions on inmate violence. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 56(3), pp. 338-355.
Blevins, K. R.; S. J. Listwan; F. T. Cullen; y C. L. Jonson (2010). A General Strain Theory of Prison Violence and Misconduct: An Integrated Model of Inmate Behavior. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 26(2), pp. 148-166.
Bramley, G; S. Fitzpatrick; J. Edwards; D. Ford; S. Johnsen; F. Sosenko y D. Watkins, D. (2015). Hard Edges: mapping severe and multiple disadvantage in England. London: Lankelly Chase Foundation.
Bottoms, A. (1999). Interpersonal Violence and Social Order in Prisons. Crime and Justice, 26, pp. 205-281.
Boxer, P.; K. Middlemass y T. Delorenzo (2009). Exposure to violent crime during incarceration: Effects on psychological adjustment following release. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(8), pp. 793-807.
Brown, K. (2006). Homelessness and prisoner re-entry. Nueva York: Council of State Governments.
Camaño, D. (2011). Aportes a la reforma del Código Penal y el Código Procesal Penal. Montevideo: PNUD-MI.
Cao, L.; J. Zhao y S. Van Dine (1997). Prison disciplinary tickets: A test of the deprivation and importation models. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25(2), pp. 103-113.
Camp, S. D.; G. G. Gaes; N. P. Langan y W. G. Saylor (2003). The influence of prisons on inmate misconduct: A multilevel investigation. Justice Quarterly, 20(3), pp. 501-533.
Carlen, P. (1996). Jigsaw: A political criminology of youth homelessness. Buckingham y Bristol, PA: Open University Press.
Cho, R. (2004). Putting the pieces back together: Overcoming fragmentation to prevent post-incarceration homelessness. Nueva York: Corporation for Supportive Housing.
Ciapessoni, F. y A. Vigna (2018). El rol de la vivienda en el proceso de desistimiento delictivo. El Uruguay desde la Sociología, XVI, pp. 259-278.
Ciapessoni, F. (2018, en prensa). Situación de calle en Montevideo: necesidades y desafíos. Montevideo: FCS-IM.
Colvin, M. (2000). Crime and coercion: An integrated theory of chronic criminality. Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan
Comisionado Parlamentario para el Sistema Penitenciario (2016). Informe anual 2016. Parlamento del Uruguay.
Comisionado Parlamentario para el Sistema Penitenciario (2017). Informe anual 2017. Parlamento del Uruguay.
Cullen, F. T. (1994). Social support as an organizing concept for criminology: Presidential address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. Justice Quarterly, 11(4), pp. 527-559.
Cullen, F. T.; E. Latessa; V. Burton y L. Lombardo (1993). The correctional orientation of prison wardens: Is the rehabilitative ideal supported? Criminology, 31(1), pp. 69-92.
DeLisi, M.; M. T. Berg y A. Hochstetler (2004). Gang members, career criminals and prison violence: Further specification of the importation model of inmate behavior. Criminal Justice Studies, 17(4), pp. 369-383.
Dore, E. (2015). Prison leavers and homelessness. Insight, 29, pp. 3-19.
Drago, F.; R. Galbiati y P. Vertova (2011). Prison conditions and recidivism. American Law and Economics Review, 13(1), pp. 103-130.
Drury, A. J. y M. DeLisi (2011). Gangkill: An exploratory empirical assessment of gang membership, homicide offending, and prison misconduct. Crime y Delinquency, 57(1), pp. 130-146.
Duncan M. y J. Corner (2012). Severe and Multiple Disadvantage-A review of keytexts. Londres: Lankelly Chase Foundation.
Dyb, E. (2009). Imprisonment: A Major Gateway to Homelessness. Housing Studies, 24(6), pp. 809-824.
Edgar, K.; I. O’Donnell; y C. Martin (2003). Prison violence: The dynamics of conflict, fearand power. Portland, OR: Willan Publishing.
Farrall, S. (2002): Rethinking what works with offenders on probation, social context and desistance from crime. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 16(1), pp. 119-121.
Listwan, S.; D. Hanley y M. Colvin (2012). The Prison Experience and Reentry: Examining the Impact of Victimization on Coming Home, Final Report. Ohio: National Institute of Justice.
Loucks, N. (2007). Housing Needs of Prisoners and Ex-Prisoners. Glasgow: The Robertson Trust.
Lutze, F. E; J. W. Rosky y Z. K. Hamilton (2014). Homelessness and Reentry. A Multisite Outcome Evaluation of Washington State’s Reentry Housing Program for High Risk Offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 41(4), pp. 471-491.
Maruna, S. (2001). Making good: How ex-convicts reform and rebuild their lives. Washington: American Psychological Association.
Mayock, P. y S. Sheridan (2013). At Home’ in Prison? Women and the Homelessness-Incarceration Nexus. Irish Probation Journal, 10, pp. 118-140.
McCorkle, R. C. (1993). Fear of victimization and symptoms of psychopathology among prison inmates. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 19(1-2), pp. 27-42.
McCorkle, R.; T. Miethe y K. Drass (1995). The roots of prison violence: a test of the deprivation, management, and “not-so-total” institution models. Crime y Delinquency, 41(3), pp. 317-331.
Meade, B. y B. Steiner (2013). The effects of exposure to violence on prisoner maladjustment. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 40(11), pp. 1228-1249.
Metraux, S. y D. P. Culhane (2002). Homeless Shelter Use and Re-incarceration Following Prison Release: Assessing the Risk. Filadelfia: University of Pennsylvania.
Metraux, S. y D. Culhane (2006). Recent incarceration history among a sheltered homeless population. Crime and Delinquency, 52(3), pp. 504-517.
Metraux, S.; C. Roman; y R. S. Cho (2007). Incarceration and Homelessness. En D. Dennis, G. Locke y J. Khadduri (eds.). Understanding Homelessness: The 2007 National Symposium on Homelessness Research. Washington: US Department of Housing & Urban Development.
Mides (2016a). Presentación de resultados del Censo de Población en Situación de Calle. Montevideo: Mides.
Mides (2016b). Llamado a organizaciones de la sociedad civil (OSC) y/o cooperativas de trabajo para presentar propuestas de trabajo para la gestión de centros de atención en la ciudad de Montevideo e interior en el marco del Programa Calle. Pliego de Bases y Condiciones particulares. Montevideo: Mides.
Naciones Unidas (2009). Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Manfred Nowak. A/HRC/10/44/Add.3, disponible en: <3, disponible en: https://www.refworld.org/docid/49a55fea2.html > (acceso 30/05/2019).
Paternain, R. y A. Rico (2012). Uruguay: Inseguridad, delito y Estado, Montevideo: CSIC-TRILCE.
Petersilia, J. (2001). Prisoner Reentry: Public Safety and Reintegration Challenges. The Prison Journal, 81(3), pp.360-375.
Petersilia, J. (2011). Reentry: Saving Offenders from a Life in Crime. En F. T. Cullen y C. L. Jonson, Correctional Theory: Context and consequences. Londres: Sage Publications. [
Pleace, N. (2016). Researching Homelessness in Europe: Theoretical Perspectives. European Journal of Homelessness, 10(3), pp. 19-44.
Randol, B. M. y C. M. Campbell (2017). Macro-Correlates of Inmate Violence: The Importance of Programming in Prison Order. The Prison Journal, 97(4), pp. 451-474.
Rocheleau, A. M. (2015). Ways of Coping and Involvement in Prison Violence. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(4), pp. 359-383.
Roman, C. y J. Travis (2004). Taking Stock: Housing, Homelessness and Prisoner Reentry. Final Report prepared for The Fannie Mae Foundation. Washington: Urban Institute Justice Policy Center.
Sapouna, M; C. Bisset; A. M. Conlong; y B. Matthews (2015). What Works to Reduce Reoffending: A Summary of the Evidence. Edimburgo: Scottish Government.
Sapouna, M; C. Bisset; y A. M. Conlong (2011). What Works to Reduce Reoffending: A Summary of the Evidence. Edimburgo: Justice Analytical Services Scottish Government.
Tartaro, C. y M. P. Levy (2007). Density, inmate assaults, and direct supervision jails. Criminal Justice, 18(4), pp. 395-417.
Toman, E.; J. Cochran y W. Bales (2015). The implications of sentence length for inmate adjustment to prison life. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(6), pp. 510-521.
Travis, J. (2005).But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry. Washington DC: The Urban Institute Press.
Travis, J.; A. Solomon; y M. Waul (2001). From Prison to Home: the Dimensions and Consequences of Prisoner Reentry. Washington: The Urban Institute.
Travis, J.; E. M. Chincotta; y A. L. Solomon (2003). Families left behind: the hidden cost of incarceration and Reentry. Washington: The Urban Institute .
Uggen, C.; J. Manza y M. Thompson (2006). Citizenship, Democracy and the Civic Reintegration of Criminal Offenders. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 605(1), pp. 281-310.
Vigna, A. (2011). Persistencia y abandono del mundo del delito: diferencias de género en los procesos de desistimiento. Tesis de Maestría en Sociología. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República, Montevideo.
Vigna, A. (2012). Análisis de datos del I Censo Nacional de Reclusos desde una perspectiva de género y derechos humanos. Informe final. Montevideo: MI-INR-ONU Mujeres.
Visher, C. A y J. Travis (2011). Life on the Outside: Returning Home after Incarceration. The Prison Journal, 91(3), pp. 102S-119S.
Walker, A; L. Hempel; N. Prabha Unnithan; y M. R. Pogrebin (2014). Parole Reentry and Social Capital: The Centrality of Homelessness. Journal of Poverty,18(3), pp. 315-334.
Williams, K.; J. Poyser; y K. Hopkins (2012). Accommodation, Homelessness and Reoffending of Prisoners: Results from the Surveying Prisoner Crime Reduction (SPCR) Survey. Londres: Ministry of Justice.
Wooldredge, J. (1999). Inmate experiences and psychological well-being. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 26(2), pp. 235-250.
Wortley, R. (2002). Situational Prison Control: Crime Prevention in Correctional Institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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2019-10-10
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A prisão e depois. Violência, reentrada e situação nas ruas. (2019). Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 32(45), 15-38. https://doi.org/10.26489/rvs.v32i45.1
