Violência em instituições penitenciárias. Definição, medição e explicação do fenômeno
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26489/rvs.v32i45.6Palavras-chave:
violência, prisão, medidas, definição, teoriasResumo
A violência na prisão é um problema fundamental para todos os sistemas penitenciários do mundo. Ela compromete os direitos humanos, a segurança e a vida de presos e funcionários, afeta a eficácia dos programas e pode aumentar a reincidência e os custos sociais. No entanto, tem sido menos investigado do que outras formas de violência, e a falta de estudos é mais grave nos contextos em que são mais necessários. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma sistematização da literatura especializada sobre violência nas prisões para discutir seus principais problemas conceituais e metodológicos. São apresentados os problemas de definição de violência na área prisional; os principais desafios enfrentados ao tentar medir o fenômeno são examinados; as diferentes explicações desenvolvidas sobre o assunto são analisadas e modelos alternativos são analisados; e termina com um conjunto de conclusões sobre os desafios atuais da pesquisa.
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DiIulio, J. (1987). Governing Prisons: A Comparative Study of Correctional Management. NuevaYork: The Free Press.
Dyson, G. P.; K. G. Power; y E. Wozniak (1997). Problems with using Official Records from Young Offender Institutions as Indices of Bullying. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 41(2), pp. 121-138.
Eid, M. y D. Eid (eds.) (2006). Handbook of Multimethod Measurement in Psychology. Wahsington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Eisner, M. (2009). The Uses of Violence: An Examination of Some Cross-Cutting Issues. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 3(1), pp. 40-59.
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Ellis, S. y E. Bowen (2017). Factors associated with desistance from violence in prison: an exploratory study. Psychology, Crime and Law, 23(6), pp. 601-619.
Felson, M. y R. Boba (2010). Crime and Everyday Life. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Gadon, L.; L. Johnstone; y D. J. Cooke (2006). Situational variables and institutional violence: A systematic review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, pp. 515-534.
Gambetta, D. (2009). Codes of the Underworld: How Criminals Communicate. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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Giordano, P. C.; S. A. Cernkovich; y J. L. Rudolph (2002). Gender, crime and desistance: Toward a theory of cognitive transformation. American Journal of Sociology, 107(4), pp. 990-1064.
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Hindelang, M. J.; M. R. Gottfredson; y J. Garofalo (1978). Victims of personal crime: An empirical foundation for a theory of personal victimization. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Homel, R. y C. Thomson (2005). Causes and prevention of violence in prisons. En S. O’Toole y S. Eyland (eds.). Corrections criminology Sidney: Hawkins Press., pp. 101-108.
Imbush, P.; M. Misse y F. Carri (2011). Violence research in Latin America and the Caribbean: A literature review. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 5(1), pp. 87-154.
Ireland, J. L. (1999). Bullying behaviors among male and female prisoners: A study of adult and young offenders. Aggressive Behavior, 25(3), pp. 161-178.
Ireland, J. L. (2002). Bullying among prisoners. Evidence, Research and Intervention Strategies. Londres y Nueva York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Ireland, J. L. (2012). Understanding bullying among younger prisoners: recent research and introducing the multifactor model of bullying in secure settings. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 24(1), pp. 63-68.
Ireland, J. L. y J. Archer (1996). Descriptive analysis of bullying in male and female adult prisoners. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 6, pp. 35-47.
Ireland, C. A. y J. L. Ireland (2000). Descriptive analysis of the nature and extent of bullying behavior in a maximum-security prison. Aggressive Behavior, 26(3), pp. 213-223.
Jackson, J.; C. Heard; y H. Fair (2017). Prison. Evidence of its use and over use from around the world. Londres: Institute for Criminal Policy Research, Birkbeck, University of London.
Jackson, J.; T. Tyler; B. Bradford; D. Taylor; y M. Shiner (2010). Legitimacy and procedural justice in prisons. Prison Service Journal, 191, pp. 4-10.
Johnstone, L. y D. J. Cooke (2008). PRISM: Promoting Risk Intervention by Situational Management. Structured professional guidelines for assessing situational risk factors for violence in institutions. Burnaby: Simon Fraser University, Mental Health, Law, and Policy Institute.
Juanche, A. (2012). La población adulta privada de libertad. En A. Juanche y J. Palummo (coords.). Hacia una política de Estado en privación de libertad. Diálogo, recomendaciones y propuestas. Montevideo: Observatorio del Sistema Judicial, Servicio de Paz y Justicia, pp. 89-202.
Junger-Tas, J. y I. Haen Marshall (1999). The Self-Report Methodology in Crime Research. Crime and Justice, 25, pp. 291-367.
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2019-10-13
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Violência em instituições penitenciárias. Definição, medição e explicação do fenômeno. (2019). Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 32(45), 147-175. https://doi.org/10.26489/rvs.v32i45.6
